How do illusory correlations contribute to making judgments that result in stereotyping?

Illusory correlations occur when individuals perceive a relationship between two variables, such as a specific behavior and a particular group, even when no such relationship exists. This cognitive bias is particularly relevant in the context of stereotyping, as it aids in the formation of generalized beliefs about groups based on limited or misleading information. For instance, if someone encounters a few instances where members of a specific group engage in a certain behavior, they may incorrectly conclude that this behavior is common for all individuals within that group.

This perceived relationship can reinforce stereotypes by leading individuals to overestimate the frequency or significance of those behaviors in relation to the group, thus solidifying a biased view. By relying on these illusory correlations, individuals may make judgments and decisions that perpetuate stereotypes, often without recognizing the inaccuracy of their perceptions. Overall, this manner in which illusory correlations influence beliefs and attitudes contributes significantly to the formation and maintenance of stereotypes in society.