How does a neuron transmit a signal following a neural impulse?

A neuron transmits a signal following a neural impulse primarily by releasing a neurotransmitter. When an electrical impulse, or action potential, travels along the axon of the neuron, it reaches the axon terminal. This arrival triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles. These chemical messengers then cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptor sites on the post-synaptic neuron, facilitating the communication between neurons. This process is essential for propagating signals throughout the nervous system and is a fundamental aspect of how neurons communicate.

The other options describe various aspects of neural function but do not accurately describe the primary mechanism of signal transmission. Generating an electrical charge is part of the action potential process; however, the actual transmission across the synaptic gap requires the release of neurotransmitters. Creating a synaptic gap refers to the space between neurons and is not a method of signal transmission. Altering its shape does not convey information within the context of signaling; rather, it may pertain to certain cellular processes but not directly to the transmission of a neural impulse. Thus, the release of neurotransmitters is crucial for successful communication between neurons.