What does expected utility theory assume about individuals during decision-making?

Expected utility theory is based on the premise that individuals act rationally when making decisions, aiming to maximize their expected utility based on the available information. This theory posits that people evaluate the potential outcomes of their choices, weighing the benefits and the probabilities of different events occurring, to arrive at decisions that provide them with the greatest benefit or satisfaction.

This approach assumes that individuals can process all relevant information and make calculations regarding their options to determine which one yields the highest expected value. Rational decision-making, as described by expected utility theory, involves systematic assessments of risks and rewards, leading individuals to opt for alternatives that align with their preferences and goals.

The other options do not align with the foundational principles of expected utility theory. The assumption of equal access to information misunderstands the theory's focus on rationality under the condition of available information. Emotional responses, while influential in real-world decision-making, are not integral to the rational calculations expected in this theory. Lastly, the notion of erratic and unpredictable decision-making contradicts the rational framework that expected utility theory establishes, which assumes structured and deliberate choices based on logical assessments.