What is an action potential?

An action potential refers to a propagated electrical signal that occurs in neurons and is essential for transmitting information throughout the nervous system. This electrical event results from the movement of ions across the neuron's membrane, leading to a rapid change in membrane potential. When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it reaches a threshold potential, triggering an all-or-nothing response that travels down the axon to communicate with other neurons or muscle cells.

This process allows for the transmission of signals over long distances, enabling rapid communication within the body. The generation of action potentials is fundamental to all neural activity, including reflexes, sensations, and cognitive processes, making it a crucial concept in understanding how the nervous system functions.