What type of processing involves using prior knowledge to influence interpretation of sensory information?

Top-down processing refers to the cognitive process where our prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations influence how we interpret sensory information. This type of processing allows us to make sense of information quickly and efficiently by using what we already know as a framework for understanding new data. For example, when reading a sentence, our understanding of language and context helps us fill in gaps or predict what comes next even if some words are missing or unclear.

In top-down processing, the brain uses existing knowledge to shape perception. This contrasts with bottom-up processing, which relies solely on the sensory information available, starting from the most basic elements and building up to a complete perception. Unconscious inference refers to a specific kind of cognitive process described by some theories of perception where certain assumptions are made unconsciously based on sensory input, but it’s more limited compared to the broader concept of top-down processing. Dichotic listening involves the auditory processing of two different messages presented to each ear and is not related to interpreting sensory information using prior knowledge.