Which characteristic describes short-term memory in memory models?

Short-term memory is a crucial component in understanding how we process and store information. It is characterized by a limited capacity, often estimated to hold around seven plus or minus two items at a time, and it allows for the temporary storage of information for brief periods, typically ranging from just a few seconds to about a minute without rehearsal. This characteristic is essential for tasks such as holding onto a phone number long enough to dial it or remembering the initial part of a sentence while processing its meaning.

The limited capacity and the brief storage duration are fundamental to short-term memory, as it serves as a workspace for information that can be either further processed or forgotten. This makes short-term memory an essential aspect of cognitive functioning, linking incoming sensory information to long-term memory and allowing for immediate recall when needed.

The other options highlight characteristics that do not align with short-term memory's defined attributes. For example, options that suggest unlimited storage or permanent information retention confuse short-term memory with long-term memory, which is designed for the more durable storage of information. Similarly, stating that short-term memory is solely for sensory input misrepresents its role, as it actively engages in processing and manipulating information rather than just being a transient holding area for sensory data.