Which of the following is an example of a control process in memory?

The process of rehearsal of a phone number is a clear example of a control process in memory because it involves actively manipulating information to enhance its storage and retrieval. Rehearsal refers to the conscious effort to repeat or practice information, which can help in transferring that information from short-term to long-term memory. It exemplifies how individuals can take control of their memory processes to maintain information over time.

In contrast, encoding environmental stimuli focuses more on the automatic process of taking in information from the surroundings without conscious effort. Visual imagery creation also does not primarily serve as a control process; it may support encoding but isn’t a direct manipulation of memory strategies. Direct retrieval of past experiences, while essential for memory function, is essentially an automatic process that reflects what is stored, rather than a controlled manipulation of information. Thus, the act of rehearsal clearly stands out as a deliberate attempt to manage memory.