Who conducted one of the first experiments related to cognitive psychology?

The correct answer is Franciscus Donders, who is known for conducting one of the first experiments that laid the groundwork for cognitive psychology. In the 1860s, Donders researched the speed of mental processes through a particularly influential study known as the "reaction time" experiment. He distinguished between simple reaction time tasks, where participants responded as quickly as possible to a stimulus, and choice reaction time tasks, where participants had to make a decision before responding.

This methodology offered insights into the time taken by the brain to process information, effectively demonstrating that mental processes could be measured and studied experimentally. Donders' work marked a pivotal moment in the history of psychology, as it transitioned the field from philosophical speculation to experimental science, thus paving the way for cognitive psychology's development as a distinct discipline focused on mental processes like perception, memory, and decision-making.

Understanding this experiment is crucial in cognitive psychology, as it illustrates the emphasis on empirical data and the scientific investigation of mental functions, themes central to the field's evolution.